
Class TS , 
Book ._£Ll 



CjDRfRIGRT DEPOSIT. 



TOOL STEELS 



DATA AND TABLES 

APPERTAINING 

TO 

ELECTRIC 

TOOL STEELS 



MANUFACTURED BY 

CARNEGIE STEEL COMPANY 

PITTSBURGH, PA. 



G1250MM518 






Copyright, 1918, by 

CARNEGIE STEEL COMPANY 

Pittsburgh, Pa. 



©CI.A5()6960 

First Edition, July 1, 1918. 



0tC2il9l8 



Steel is a complex mixture of iron with other ingredients. 
Some of these ingredients are impurities, the kinds and 
amounts of which depend on process of manufacture and 
raw materials used. Other ingredients impart useful 
properties to metal and are added to or allowed to remain 
in the steel to produce or intensify these properties. 

The aim of the steel maker is to reduce the proportion 
of impurities to the minimum and to add to the iron just 
that percentage of useful ingredients which will give, those 
chemical and physical properties most suitable for the 
uses to which the particular grade of steel is to be put. 

CLASSIFICATION OF STEEL. Various grades of steel 
are classified by uses, processes of manufacture or chemical 
composition. 

1. Uses. Structural Steel is that grade in general use in the 
fabrication of bridges, buildings, cars and ships. Spring Steel goes 
into the manufacture of car and carriage springs, etc. Tool Steel is 
peculiarly adapted to be hardened and tempered for the manufacture 
of machine and hand tools of all kinds, etc. 

2. Processes of Manufacture. The terms, Crucible Steel, 
Bessemer Steel, Acid Open-Hearth Steel, Basic Open-Hearth Steel 
and Electric Steel, refer to different methods of manufacture and are 
somewhat indicative of quality for the reason that a particular grade 
of steel is best made by one or the other of these processes. 

3. Chemical Composition. On the basis of chemical composi- 
tion there are three main kinds of steel. 

a. Carbon Steel. In addition to phosphorus and sulphur which are 
present only in such small quantities as it is impossible to remove in 
the process of manufacture, carbon or plain steels contain iron, carbon 



CARNEGIE STEEL. COMPANY 



and manganese, though the percentage of carbon and manganese may 
be very small. Differences in these steels as to hardness, tensile 
strength, temperability, etc., are due in the main to the different 
percentages of carbon which they contain. 

b. Alloy Steel. In addition to iron, carbon and manganese, alloy 
steels contain some element or elements which may have been added 
or allowed to remain, to modify and improve mechanical properties 
so as to make them more suitable for particular uses. These are 
often named from the element or elements which impart the dis- 
tinctive properties; nickel steel, chrome-nickel steel and tungsten 
steel are examples. 

c. Alloy-Treated Steels. AUoy-treated steel is carbon steel with the 
addition of an alloy in small quantities for curative purposes. While 
the percentage of alloy is not sufficient to impart markedly distinctive 
properties, its addition serves to improve the natural properties of 
the carbon steel. Such steels are not properly classed as alloy steels. 

FACTORS AFFECTING QUALITIES OF STEEL. Chemical 
composition, method of manufacture, mechanical treatment 
in shaping and heat treatment before use, are all factors of 
importance in developing maximum serviceability in steel. 
Service failures may be due either to improper nianufacture 
or to improper treatment after manufacture. 

Since the chemical composition, the method of manu- 
facture and much of the mechanical treatment are factors 
that rest with the steel maker, it is obvious that to produce 
the best steel for any particular use requires adequate and 
proper facilities and skill in manufacture. 

On the basis of experience Carnegie Steel Company 
recommends for tools its carbon steels made in the electric 
furnace with those percentages of carbon indicated by 
experience as best suited for the particular use to which 
such tools are to be put, in the confidence that, when the 
steel has been properly made and properly treated, carbon 
steel may be made to serve the requirements of the tool 
maker for most purposes as well as the more expensive 
alloy steels. Service failures will likely be due to use of 
the improper grade or to defects in heat treatment. 



QUALITIES OF STEEL 




Ready to Charge Hot Metal 




Charging Hot Metal from Open-Hearth Furnace 
Fig. 1. Electric Furnace — Duquesne Steel Works 



CARNEGIE STEEL COMPANY 




At Commencement of Heat 




Ready to Cast Steel into Ladles 
Fig. 2. Electric Furnace— Duquesne Steel Works 



HEAT TREATMENT TESTS 



HEAT TREATMENT. Dependent upon the arrangement 
of the particles of carbon and iron, steels of the same 
chemical composition ma}^ be soft or hard. The purpose 
of heat treatment is to further refine the grain structure of 
well-made steel and to retain a desired arrangement of the 
particles of carbon and iron. By proper heat treatment 
it is possible with steels of the same chemical composition 
to obtain the structures characteristic of hardened steels or 
that of annealed steel, structures in which a given steel is 
in its hardest condition or where maximum ductility is 
combined with the greatest strength or, again, where it is 
the softest. 

Metcalf test pieces, Fig. 3, show clearly the effect of 
temperature on grain size. A piece of tool steel of con- 
venient size is lightly nicked across, hot, at intervals of 
about one inch or an inch and a half. One end is then 
placed in a fire and gradually heated until it is actually 
burnt or melted as shown by the shower of sparks when it 
is taken out. The heat travels back from the heated end 
so that the temperature varies along the bar from a melting 
heat, where it was in the fire, to a black heat or almost cold 
at the other end. As soon as the bar has been heated, it 
is quenched in water (to make it easier to break), dried 
carefully (so no water will reach the fractures and rust them) 
and broken at the nicks. 

Based on the appearance of the fractures, the bar may 
be divided into three portions : 

1. Where the grains are unchanged, having the same size as in 
the bar before it was heated. This is the portion of the bar away 
from the fire where the temperature has been below the hardening 
point. 

2. Where the grains are extremely fine and dull with the appear- 
ance of broken porcelain. This is the portion of the bar heated only 
just above the hardening temperature, and the fine grain size shows 
the refinement due to quenching at the proper temperature. 



CARNEGIE STEEL COMPANY 



5. Greatly Overheated and Quenched 






4. Heated just above Hardenino; Point and Quenched 



3. Ilr;it(Ml \n il;ir.!(Miin- 1' 



(,)U(MM'Ii(m1 




1. Normal Steel as Rolled 

Fig. 3.— Metcalf Test Pieces 
Carnegie Electric Tool Steel No. 1 



*,fe.'W 



HEAT TREATMENT TESTS 



4. Overheated 




Fig. 4. Full Size Test Piece Fractures 
Carnegrie Electric Tool Steel No. 1 



CARNEQIE STEEL CpMPANY 



3. Where the grains are very coarse and bright. These are 
progressively larger towards the melted end of the bar and show the 
growth in grain size which takes place when steels are heated above 
the hardening point. 

Maximum hardness occurs with minimum grain size. 
To insure this condition steels must be heated above the 
hardening point. The temperature should be held just 
above this point to insure uniform heating throughout the 
bar, but beyond this point steel should not be heated more 
than absolutely necessary. 

HARDENING POINT. The hardening temperature for 
tool steels (the point of minimum grain size) varies with 
the chemical composition. In carbonless iron it occurs 
at about 1697° F.;in steels of .90 carbon or over, at 1382° F. 
It is also affected by the presence of alloys. 

The line of minimum grain size for carbon steels of 
different composition is shown on the chart, Fig. 6. Com- 
panion, Fig. 5, shows the heat colors which are indicative 
of the different temperatures reached by continuous 
application of heat. The estimation of temperature by 
color is liable to the objection that difference in color dis- 
tinction is bound to exist among different operators and 
that distinction of color is also affected by different light 
conditions. More constant results are obtained by the 
use of pyrometers which should be frequently standardized. 

METHODS OF HEAT TREATMENT. While explicit direc- 
tions for working each grade of Carnegie Electric Tool 
Steel will be given later, some general remarks in regard to 
the three processes of annealing, hardening and tempering 
may be of value. 

1. Heating. The heating of steel is either for the 
purpose of forging or otherwise working, or else as a special 
treatment for annealing, hardening or tempering. In 

10 



HEAT TREATMENT METHODS 



heating for forging, the piece is heated uniformly through- 
out to the temperature desired but is not held in the fire 
after right heat is reached. The piece is then forged 
rapidly with as few reheats as possible. Too high a 
temperature should be avoided, as otherwise the steel 
may be burnt or become coarse-grained and brittle. The 
higher the carbon, the lower must be the heat. 

2. Annealing. After forging, it is usually advisable to 
anneal, to relieve any strains which may have arisen and 
also to make the steel as soft as possible in cases where 
machining operations are necessary for the proper shaping 
of tools such as milling cutters. Annealing consists in 
reheating the steel (after it has become cold) to a temper- 
ature slightly above the hardening point but not so high 
as is permissible for forging. When the steel shows uniform 
heat, it is allowed to cool slowly in the furnace or in lime 
or ashes until it is black. This slow cooling may be 
continued until the piece is quite cold or it may be cooled 
the rest of the way in water, for it is now cooled below the 
hardening point and will not be affected by quenching. 

3. Hardening. When tool steel is to be hardened, it is 
reheated evenly on a rising temperature to just above the 
hardening point or, if grade is not known, to the lowest 
heat at which the steel will properly harden, quenched 
in water or oil dependent on carbon content, section and 
degree of hardness required. Steel will not be hardened if 
heated below the hardening point even though quenched 
in water. Heating beyond the lowest required temperature 
will not increase the hardness but makes the grain coarse 
and increases the brittleness. If steel is overheated, cool 
to a black color and reheat before hardening. 

4. Tempering. Tempering or drawing consists in 
reheating hardened steel to a low temperature for the 
purpose of removing the excessive brittleness which it has 



CARNEGIE STEEL COMPANY 



TABLE I.— HEAT COLORS 



Temperature 



Centigrade 



Fahrenheit 



Color 



Name of Color 



1204 



2200 



1079 



996 



941 



843 



746 



677 
635 



566 



482 



1975 

1825 

1725 
1650 

1550 

1375 

1250 
1175 

1050 
900 



White. 



Light Yellow. 

Lemon. 

Orange. 
Salmon. 

Bright Red. 

Light Cherry Red. 

Medium Cheny. 
Dark Cherry. 

Blood Red. 
Dark Red. 



HEAT TREATMENT TEMPERATURES 



m 

O 

PQ 

O 

<A 
O 

a: 

P^ 

H 
<5 

P^ 

Plh 

H 
O 



o 
« 

O 

1^ 

o 

a 

w 
o 
IS 

w 

Oh 
O 

o 

H 
O 

:? 
o 

Oi 
cc 
H 

O 







CARNEGIE STEEL COMPANY 



received from quenching but without affecting the hardness 
more than can be avoided, the result sought being a steel 
which is both hard and tough. After heating for tempering, 
the cooling may be done in water or by holding the tool in 
a heated sand or salt bath or in an oil or lead bath controlled 
by a reliable pyrometer. The proper temperature for 
tempering may be determined by observing the oxide color 
that forms on a fresh surface when the tempering is done 
in a furnace. Standard temper colors with the correspond- 
ing names and degrees Fahrenheit and Centigrade are shown 
on Table III. 

Approximate temperatures and colors for tempering 
different classes of articles are as follows: 

Medium Yellow. .450° F.— Drills, Mill Picks, Taps, 

Reamers, Shear Blades, Screw 
Dies, Punches. 
Brown Yellow . . .500° F.— Cold Chisels, both Hand and 

Pneumatic, Hot Sets, Shear 
Blades of medium size, Large 
Punches, Miners' Drills for 
Granite, Beading Tools, 
Calking Tools. 

Dark Purple 550° F. — Smith's Tools, Set Hammers, 

Swages, Flatteners, Fillers. 
Hot and Cold Cutters. 
Peacock Blue .... 600° F. — Boiler Snaps or Sets, Ham- 



mers, Stamping or Pressing 
Dies. 



14 



HEAT TREATMENT TEMPERATURES 



TABLE III.— TEMPER COLORS 



Temperature 



Centigrade Fahrenheit 



343 650 



316 



288 



260 



232 



600 



550 



500 



450 



Atmospheric 



Color 





15 



Name of Oxide Color 



Gray Green. 







Peacock Blue. 



Dark Purple. 



Brown Yellow. 



Medium Yellow. 



Normal Steel. 



CARNEGIE STEEL GOMPANY 



CARNEGIE TOOL STEEL No. 1 
Carbon 0.70 to 0.80 



CARNEGIE STEEL CO. 



No. 1 



ELECTRIC 
TOOL STEEL 



Treatment 



Uses : 



Anneal at light cherry red, 1450° F. 

Forge at bright red, 1600° F. 

Harden and quench at light cherry red, 1450° 

to 1500° F. 
Draw to suit character of work. 

A General-Purpose Tool Steel. 



Drop Hammer Dies. 
Shoe Dies. 

FABRICATING SHOP TOOLS'. 

Bull Sets (Hot Work). 

Eye Pins. 

Pneumatic Hammer Tools (Hot 

Work). 
Hot Punch Bars. 
Hot Rivet Sets. 
Sledges. 
Wrenches. 

GENERAL PURPOSES: 

Bucket Teeth. 

Cold Chisels (Small). 

Mattocks. 

Picks. 

Wedges. 

LOGGING tools: 

Becket Hooks. 
Butt Hooks. 
Cant Hooks. 
Chokpr Hooks. 
Dog Hooks. 
Mauls. 
Wedges. 



MINE AND QUARRY TOOLS: 

Mine Drills. 

Rock Drills (Soft Work). 

smith's tools: 

Anvil Facing. 

Cold Chisels. 

Flatters. 

Fullers. 

Hammers. 

Tongs. 

Vises. 

STONE cutter's TOOLS: 

Crow Bars. 
Pinch Bars. 

TRACK tools: 

Picks. 

Pick Points. 

Pinch Bars. 

Sledges. 

Spiking Hammers. 

Track Punches. 

Track Sets. 



MACHINE SHOP TOOLS: 

Shear Blades (Soft Work). 
Table Blades (Soft Work). 
Wrenches. 



16 



PRACTICAL USES 



CARNEGIE TOOL STEEL No. 2 
Carbon 0.80 to 0.90 



CARNEGIE STEEL CO. 



No. 2 



ELECTRIC 
TOOL STEEL 



Treatment 



Uses: 



Anneal at light cherry red, 1400° F. 

Forge at bright red, 1600° F. 

Harden and quench at light cherry red, 1400° 

to 1450° F. 
Draw to suit character of work. 

A General-Purpose Steel for Soft Work. 



dies: 



Bolt Machine Dies. 
Bottom Blanking Dies. 
Cold Heading Dies. 
Forging Dies (Soft Work). 
Glove Dies. 
Rivet Machine Dies. 



FABRICATING SHOP TOOLS: 

Calking Tools. 

Chipping Chisels. 

Cold Nut Punches. 

Drift Pins. 

Hot Punches. 

Hot Rivet Sets. 

Pneumatic Hammer Cylinders. 

Washer Punches. 



GENERAL PURPOSES: 

Hoes. 

Ice Plows. 

Road Scraper Plows. 

Skate Blade Punches. 

Scissors. 

Shears. 



LOGGING tools: 



Cant Hooks. 

Grabs. 

Sledges. 



MACHINE SHOP TOOLS: 

Ball Peen Hammers. 
Chuck Jaws. 
Cold Chisels. 
Jig Steel. 



MINE AND QUARRY TOOLS: 



Clav Chisels. 
Drills. 

Quarry Drills. 
Star Drills. 



smith's tools: 

Cold Cutters (Hand). 

Flatters. 

Hand Chisels. 

Hot Chisels. 

Saw Swages. 

Tongs. 

Vise Jaws. 



stone cutter's tools. 
Four-Point Tools. 

track tools: 
Digging Bars. 



17 



CARNEGIE STEEL COMPANY 



CARNEGIE TOOL STEEL No. 3 
Carbon 0.90 to 1.00 



CARNEGIE STEEL CO. 



No. 3 



ELECTRIC 
TOOL STEEL 



Treatment : Anneal at light cherry red, 1400° F. 
Forge at bright red, 1550°F. 
Harden and quench at light cherry red, 1400' 

to 1450° F. 
Draw to suit character of work. 

Uses : A General-Purpose Steel for All Uses. 



AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS: 


LOGGING tools: 


Lawn Mowers. 


Cant Dogs. 


Pitch Forks. 


Peavies. 


Pruning Shears. 




BOILER SHOP tools: 


MACHINE SHOP TOOLS: 


Beading Tools. 


Hot Straighteners. 


Cones. 


Lathe Centers. 


Flue Rollers. 


Reamers. 

Taps. 

Threading Chasers. 


dies: 


Blanking Dies. 




Cold Heading Dies. 


MINE AND QUARRY TOOLS 


Hot Hand-Feed Dies. 




Rivet Heading Dies. 


Augers. 


Stamping Dies. 


Drills. 
Plug Drills. 


fabricating shop tools: 


Pick Points. 


Cold Punches. 


Stamps. 


Cold Rivet Dies. 




Cold Rivet Sets. 


smith's tools: 


Cold Rivet Snaps. 


Anvil Cutters. 


Pneumatic Hammers (ColdWork) 


• Cold Cutters. 


Sledges. 


Formers. 




Hammers. 


GENERAL PURPOSES: 


Sledges. 
Swages. 


Dredge Bucket Teeth. 


Hammers. 


Tongs. 


Magnets (Permanent). 




Nail Pullers. 


STONE cutter's TOOLS! 


Pliers. 




Putty Knives. 


Tlaner Tools. 


Pocket Knife Blades. 


Pinch Bars. 


Set Screws. 


Wedges. 


Spring Steel. 




Steam Shovel Bucket Teeth. 





18 



PRACTICAL USES 



CARNEGIE TOOL STEEL No. 4 
Carbon 1.00 to 1.15 



RNEGIE STEEL CO. 




No. 4 



ELECTRI 
TOOLSTE 



I 



Treatment 



Uses : 



Anneal at light cherry red, 1400° F, 

Forge at bright red, 1500° F. 

Harden and quench at light cherry red, 1400' 

to 1450° F. 
Draw to suit character of work. 

A Steel for General Machine Shop Tools. 



AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS! 

Hay Rakes. 
Machine Knives. 
Scythe Edges. 

BOILER SHOP tools: 

Calking Tools. 
Cones. 

Expander Rolls. 
Flue Expanders. 
Mandrels. 
Pipe Cutters. 

dies: 

Cold-Punching Horse Shoe Dies, 

Die Plates. 

Drawing Dies. 

Embossing Dies. 

Forging Dies (Hard Work) . 

Forming Dies. 

Nail Dies. 

Pipe Dies. 

Screw-Cutting Dies. 

Threading Dies. 

Trimming Dies. 

Trip Hammer Dies. 

GENERAL PURPOSES: 

Carver Knives, 
Hatchets. 
Knife Blades. 
Paper Knives. 
Skates. 



LOGGING tools: 

Axes. 

Bevel Axes. 
Bit Axes. 
Broad Axes. 
Splitting Axes. 
Tie Axes. 



MACHINE SHOP TOOLS: 

Arbors. 

Flat Drills. 

Lathe Centers. 

Lathe Tools (Soft Metal). 

Mandrels. 

Milling Cutters. 

Planer Tools (Soft Metal). 

Rotary Shears. 

Shear Blades. 

Shear Knives. 

MINE AND QUARRY TOOLS: 

Channeling Machine Bits. 
Paving Drills. 

STONE cutter's TOOLS: 

Bush Hammers. 
Chisels (Soft Rock). 



19 



CARNEGIE STEEL CX)MPANY 



CARNEGIE TOOL STEEL No. 5 
Carbon 1.15 to 1.30 



CARNEGIE STEEL CO. 1 No. 5\^^:i^, 



Treatment : 



Uses : 



Anneal at light cherry red, 1400° F. 

Forge at bright red, 1500° F. 

Harden and quench at light cherry red, 1400*^ 

to 1450° F. 
Draw to suit character of work. 

A Steel for General Small Machine Shop Tools. 



BOILER SHOP tools: 

Flue Cutters. 
Tube Scrapers. 

dies: 

Cartridge Shell Dies. 

Jeweler's Dies. 

Printing Machine Dies. 

Stamp Dies. 

Tong Dies. 

Wire Drawing Dies. 

GENERAL PURPOSES: 

Cant Saw Files. 
Glass Cutters. 
Mill Picks. 

MACHINE SHOP TOOLS: 

Cabinet Files. 

Cross Cut Files. 

Drills. 

Metal Turning Tools rSoft 

Metal). 
Pillow Files. 
Roll Turning Steel. 
Slim Taper Files. 
Taps. 
Twist Drills. 



SMITH'S tools: 

File Blank Punches. 
File Cutting Chisels. 
Tong Cutters. 

STONE cutter's TOOLS: 

Bush Hammers. 
Granite Chisels. 
Granite Points. 
Stone Planers, 

WOODWORKING TOOLS: 

Matches. 

Planers. 

Stickers. 

Wood Boring Tools. 

Wood Turning Tools. 

Woodworking Chisels. 

Woodworking Knives. 



20 



WEIGHT TABLES 



WEIGHTS OF FLAT ROLLED STEEL 


POUNDS PER LINEAL FOOT 


Width, 
Inches 


Thickness, Inches 


VlQ 


Vs 


%6 


% 


5/i6 


% 


%6 


¥2 


9/l6 i % 


1^6 


% 


1%6 


% 


1%6 


1 


1 


.053 
.106 
.159 
.213 


.106 
.213 
.319 
.425 


.159 
.319 

.478 
.638 


.213 
.425 
.638 
.850 


.27 
.53 
.80 
1.06 


.32 
.64 
.96 

1.28 


.37 
.74 
1.12 
1.49 


.43 
.85 
1.28 
1.70 


.4S 
.96 
1.43 
1.91 


.53 
1.06 
1.59 
2.13 


.58 
1.17 
1.75 
2.34 


.64 
1.28 
1.91 
2.55 


.69 
1.38 
2.07 
2.76 


.74 
1.49 
2.23 
2.98 


.80 
1.59 
2.39 
3.19 


.85 
1.70 
2.55 
3.40 


- iM 


.266 
.319 
.372 
.425 


.531 
.638 
.744 
.850 


.797 
.956 
1.116 
1.275 


1.063' 1.33 
1.275, 1.59 
1.488, 1.86 
1.700 2.13 


1.59 
1.91 
2.23 
2.55 


1.86 
2.23 
2.60 
2.98 


2.13 
2.55 
2.98 
3.40 


2.39 
2.87 
3.35 
3.83 


2.66 
3.19 
3.72 
4.25 


2.92 
3.51 
4.09 
4.68 


3.19 3.45 3.72 
3.83i 4.14 4.46 
4.46 4.831 5.21 
5.10 5.531 5.95 


3.98 
4.78 
5.58 
6.38 


4.25 
5.10 
5.95 
6.80 




.478 
.531 
.584 
.638 


.956 
1.063 
1.169 
1.275 


1.434 
1.594 
1.753 
1.913 


1.913 2.39 2.87 3.35 
2.125 2.66 3.19 3.72 
2.338 2.92 3.51 4.09 
2.550| 3.19 3.83 4.46 


3.83 
4.25 
4.68 
5.10 


4.30 4.78 
4.78 5.31 
5.26 5.84 
5.74 6.38 


5.26 5.74 6.22! 6.69 

5.84 6..38 6.91, 7.44 
6.43 7.01 7.60 8.18 
7.01 7.65 8.29i 8.93 


7.17 
7.97 

8.77 
9.56 


7.65 
8.50 
9.35 
10.20 


4 


.691 
.744 

.797 
.850 


1.381 

1.488 
1.594 
1.700 


2.072 
2.231 
2.391 
2.550 


2.7631 3.45 4.14 
2.9751 3.72 4.46 
3.1881 3.98! 4.78 
3.400 4.25, 5.10 


4.83 
5.21 
5.58 
5.95 


5.53 
5.95 
6.38 
6.80 


6.22 6.91 
6.69 7.44 
7.17J 7.97 
7.65, 8.50 


7.60! 8.291 8.98 
8.18 8.93! 9.67 
8.77 9.56:10.36 
9.35 10.20 11.05 


9.67 
10.41 
11.16 
11.90 


10.36 
11.16 
11.95 
12.75 


11.05 
11.90 
12.75 
13.60 


4M 
5 


.903 
.956 
1.009 
1.063 


1.806 
1.913 
2.019 
2.125 


2.709 
2.869 
3.028 
3.188 


3.613 4.52 5.42 6.32 
3.825 4.78 5.74 6.69 
4.038 5.05 6.06 7.07 
4.250 5.31j 6.38 7.44 


7.23 
7.65 
8.08 
8.50 


8.13 9.03^ 9.93 10.84 11.74 12.64 13.55 
8.61 9.56 10.52 11.48 12.43! 13.39 14..34 
9.08 10.09 11.10 12.11 13.12 14.13 15.14 
9.56 10.63 11.69 12.75, 13.81| 14.88, 15.94 


14.45 
15.30 
16.15 
17.00 


6 


1.116 
1.169 
1.222 
1.275 


2.231 
2.338 
2.444 
2.550 


3.347 
3.506 
3.666 
3.825 


4.463 5.58' 6.69 7.81 
4.675! 5.84 7.01 8.18 
4.888 6.11 7.33 8.55 
5.100 6.38 7.65 8.93 


8.93 10.04 11.16 12.27 13.39 14.50 15.62 16.73 
9.35 10.52 11.69 12.86 14.03 15.19 16.36 17.53 
9.78 11.00 12.22 13.44 14.66 15.88 17.11; 18.33 
10.20 11.48 12.75 14.03 15.30 16.58 17.85 19.13 


17.85 
18.70 
19.55 
20.40 


6M 

7 


1.328 
1.381 
1.434 

1.488 


2.656 
2.763 
2.869 
2.975 


3.984 
4.144 
4.303 
4.463 


5.313 
5.525 
5.738 
5.950 


6.64 7.97 9.30 
6.91 8.29J 9.67 
7.17 8.6110.04 
7.44 8.93 10.41 


10.63 11.95 13.28 14.61 15.94 17.27 18.59 
11.05 12.43 13.81 15.19 16.58 17.96 19.34 
11.48 12.91 14.34i 15.78 17.21 18.65 20.08 
11.90 13.39 14.881 16.36 17.85 19.34 20.83 


19.92 
20.72 
21.52 
22.31 


21.25 
22.10 
22.95 
23.80 


7M 


1.541 
1.594 
1.647 
1.700 


3.081 
3.188 
3.294 
3.400 


4.622 
4.781 
4.941 
5.100 


6.163 7.70 9.2410.78 
6.375 7.97 9.5611.16 
6.588 8.23 9.8811.53 
6.800, 8.5010.20,11.90 


12.33 13.87 15.41 16.95 18.49 20.03 21.57 
12.75 14.34 15.94 17.53 19.13 20.72 22.31 
13.18 14.82 16.47 18.12 19.76 21.41 23.06 
13.60 ; 15.30 17.00 18.70^ 20.40! 22.10; 23.80 


23.11 
23.91 
24.70 
25.50 


24.65 
25.50 
26.35 
27.20 


8J^ 
8^ 


1.753 
1.806 
1.859 
1.913 


3.506 
3.613 
3.719 
3.825 


5.259 
5.419 

5.578 
5.738 


7.013 8.7710.5212.27 
7.225' 9.03 10.84 12.64 
7.438 9.3011.1613.02 
7.650 9.5611.4813.39 


14.03 15.78 17.53 19.28 21.04 22.79 24.54 26.30 
14.45 16.26 18.06 19.87 21.68 23.48 25.29 27.09 
14.88 16.73 18.59 20.45 22.31 24.17 26.03| 27.89 
15.30 17.21 19.13 21.04 22.95 24.86 26.78 28.69 

1 1 , 1 : 


28.05 
28.90 
29.75 
30.60 




1.966 
2.019 
2.072 
2.125 


3.931 
4.038 
4.144 
4.250 


5.897 
6.056 
6.216 
6.375 


7.863 9.8311.7913.76 
8.07510.0912.1114.13 
8.28810.3612.4314.50 
8.50010.6312.7514.88 


15.73 17.69 19.66 21.62 23.59 25.55 27.52 
16.15 18.17 20.19 22.21 24.23 26.24 28.26 
16.58 18.65| 20.72 22.79 24.86 26.93 29.01 
17.00, 19.131 21.251 23.381 25.50 27.63 29.75 


29.48 
30.28 
31.08 
31.88 


31.45 
32.30 
33.15 
34.00 


103^ 
11 


2.178 
2.231 

2.284 
2.338 


4.356 
4.463 
4.569 
4.675 


6.534 
6.694 
6.853 
7.013 


8.71310.8913.0715.25 
8.92511.1613.3915.62 
9.138111.4213.7115.99 
9.350jll.69 14.03 16.36 


17.43 19.60 21.78 23.96 26.14 28.32 30.49 
17.85 20.08 22.31' 24.54 26.78 29.01 31.24 
18.28 20.56 22.84; 25.13, 27.41| 29.70, 31.98 
18.70 21.04i 23.38' 25.71 28.05' 30.39 32.73 


32.67 
33.47 
34.27 
35.06 


34.85 
35.70 
36.55 
37.40 


11 J^ 

113^ 
12 


2.391 
2.444 
2.497 
2.550 


4.781 
4.888 
4.994 
5.100 


7.172 
7.331 
7.491 
7.650 


9.56311.9514.3416.73 
9.77512.2214.6617.11 
9.98812.4814.9817.48 
10.20:12.75 15.30.17.85 


19.13 21.52 23.91 26.30 28.69 31.08 33.47 
19.55 '21.99 24.44 26.88 29.33 31.77i34.21 
19.98 22.47 24.97 27.47 29.96 32.46 34.96 
20.40 22.95 25.50 28.05 30.60; 33.15, 35.70 


35.86 
36.66 
37.45 
38.25; 


38.25 
39.10 
39.95 
40.80 



CARNEGIE STEEL COMPANY 







WEIGHTS OF 


SQUARE BARS 






Size, 
Inches 


Pounds 
per Foot 


Size, 
Inches 


Pounds 
per Foot 


Size. 
Inches 


Pounds 
per Foot 


Size, 
Inches 


Pounds 
per Foot 


Size, 
Inches 


Pounds 
per Foot 


Ya 


.2125 


















1 


.2689 
.3320 
.4018 
.4781 


1^ 

IKs 


3.616 
3.838 
4.067 
4.303 


1^ 
1-1 


10.788 
11.170 
11.558 
11.953 


1 

2II 


21.785 
22.326 

22.874 
23.428 


1 


36.606 
37.307 
38.014 

38.728 


y?. 


.5611 
.6508 
.7471 
.8500 


11 


4.546 
4.795 
5.050 
5.313 


Iff 

18 

2 


12.355 
12.763 
13.178 
13.600 


23_ 

2I- 

2M 


23.989 
24.557 
25.131 
25.713 


3K2 


39.449 
40.176 
40.910 
41.650 


¥ 


.9596 
1.0758 
1.1986 
1.3281 


II 


5.581 
5.857 
6.139 
6.428 


2^ 
2J- 

2^ 
2J^ 


14.028 
14.463 
14.905 
15.353 


2ff 
2^ 
2^ 

2K 


26.300 
26.895 
27.496 
28.103 


it, 
il 


43.151 
44.678 
46.232 
47.813 


M 


1.4643 
1.6070 
1.7-564 
1.9125 


Iff 

1ft 

W2 


6.724 
7.026 
7.335 
7.650 


2^ 
2i^ 
2^ 
2Ji 


15.808 
16.270 
16.738 
17.213 


2F 

ifc 

3 


28.717 
29.338 
29.966 
30.600 


311 

3H 
4 


49.420 
51.053 
52.713 
54.400 


K 


2.0752 
2.2445 
2.4205 
2.6031 


w% 


7.972 
8.301 
8.636 
8.978 


2^ 
2A 
2|f 

2^ 


17.694 
18.182 
18.677 
19.178 


3^ 

is 

3^8 


31.241 
31.888 
32.542 
33.203 






i" 


2.7924 
2.9883 
3.1908 
3.4000 


18 


9.327 

9.682 

10.044 

10.413 


013 

2iV 

2il 

2V2 


19.686 
20.201 
20.722 
21.250 


3^ 
3M 


33.871 
34.545 
35.225 
35.913 







WEIGHTS OF ROUND BARS 



Size, 
Inches 


Pounds 
per Foot 


Size, 
Inches 


Pounds 
per Foot 


Size, 
Inches 


Pounds 
per Foot 


Size, 
Inches 


Pounds 
per Foot 


Size, 
Inches 


Pounds 
per Foot 


M 


.1669 


















H 


.2A12 
.2608 
.3155 
.3755 


14 


2.840 
3.015 
3.195 
3.380 


il 


8.473 
8.773 
9.078 
9.388 


IS 

18 


17.110 
17.535 
17.965 
18.400 


3^ 
3^ 


28.751 
29.301 
29.856 
30.417 


1 


.4407 
.5111 
.5867 
.6676 


1^ 

IS 

Wa 


3.570 
3.766 
3.966 
4.172 


2^ 


9.704 
10.024 
10.350 
10.681 


2II 


18.841 
19.287 
19.738 
20.195 


3if 

ift 

3y2 


.30.983 
31.554 
32.130 
32.712 


1 


.7536 

.8449 

.9414 

1.0431 


1^ 


4.384 
4.600 
4.822 
5.049 


1% 
1 


11.018 
11.360 
11.706 
12.058 


2!f 
2H 
2!f 

2K8 


20.656 
21.123 
21.595 
22.072 


3|| 
3M 


33.891 
35.090 
36.311 
37.552 


1 


1.1500 
1.2622 
1.3795 
1.5021 


41 


5.281 
5.518 
5.761 
6.008 


It 

23V 

2J4 


12.416 

12.778 
13.146 
13.519 


2ff 

P 


22.555 
23.042 
23.535 
24.033 


iH 

3H 
4 


38.814 
40.097 
41.401 
42.726 


% 


1.6299 
1.7629 
1.9011 
2.0445 


1^ 


6.261 
6.519 
6.783 
7.051 


2^ 
2A 

2II 


13.897 
14.280 
14.669 
15.060 


3^ 

3A 

3^ 
33^ 


24.537 
25.045 
25.559 
26.078 






If 

if 

1 


2.1931 
2,3470 
2.5061 
2.6704 


ill 


7.325 
7.604 

7.889 
8.178 


iil 


15.462 
15.866 
16.275 
16.690 


ii 

33V 

3M 


26.602 
27.131 
27.666 
28.206 







WEIGHT TABLES 



WEIGHTS OF HEXAGON BARS 


Size, 
Inches 


Pounds 
per Foot 


Size, 
Inches 


Pounds 
per Foot 


Size, 
Inches 


Pounds 
per Foot 


y^ 


.1840 










% 


.2329 

.2875 
.3479 
.4141 


ii 


3.937 
4.152 
4.374 
4.601 


2^ 

2^ 

in 


19.335 
20.289 
21.267 

22.268 


y^ 


.4860 
..5636 
.6470 
.7361 


1^ 


4.834 
5.072 
5.317 
5.567 


2H 

p 


23.291 
24.338 
25.408 
26.500 


I 

1 


.8310 

.9316 

1.0380 

1.1502 


iy2 


5.823 
6.085 
6.352 
6.625 


IS 


27.616 
28.755 
29.916 
31.101 




1.2681 
1.3917 
1.5211 
1.6563 


IP. 

1% 


7.189 

7.775 
8.385 
9.018 


3A 

3^ 

3V2 


32.309 
33.540 
34.793 
36.070 


1 


1.7972 
1.9438 
2.0962 
2.2544 


V/s 


9.673 
10.352 
11.053 
11.778 


3^ 

3H 

3M 


37.370 
38.692 
40.038 
41.407 


^32 


2.4183 
2.5879 
2.7633 
2.9445 


is 


12.525 
13.296 
14.089 
14.907 


1 
1« 


42.799 
44.213 
45.651 
47.112 


Is 


3.131 
3.324 
3.522 
3.727 


2^ 


15.746 
16.609 
17.494 
18.403 






WEIGHTS OF OCTAGON BARS 


Size, 
Inches 


Pounds 
per Foot 


Size, 
Inches 


Pounds 
Per Foot 


Size, 
Inches 


Pounds 
per Foot 


M 


0.1760 










1 


0.2228 
0.2751 
0.3328 
0.3961 


^32 


2.3133 
2.4756 
2.6434 
2.8167 


11 


6.604 
6.877 
7.154 
7.438 


1 


0.4649 
0.5391 
0.6189 
0.7042 


il 


2.995 
3.180 
3.370 
3.565 


IF 

ir 


7.727 
8.021 
8.321 
8.626 


¥ 


0.7949 
0.8912 
0.9930 
1.1003 


If 


3.766 
3.972 
4.184 
4.401 


i 


8.937 
9.253 
9.575 
9.902 


fi 

1 

yi 


1.2130 
1.3313 
1.4551 
1.5844 


i 


4.624 
4.852 
5.086 
5.325 


p 


10.235 
10.573 
10.917 
11.267 


If 

i 


1.7191 
1.8594 
2.0052 
2.1,565 


! 1V2 


5.570 
5.820 
6.076 
6.337 






Size of Hex£ 


igon and Octagon Bars is the dia. of inscribed circle or distance betw 


een opposite faces. 



23 



CARNEGIE STEEL COMPANY 



CARBON TOOL STEEL 

Extras as recommended by the Committee on Steel and Steel 
Products of the American Iron & Steel Institute, January 7, 1918. 

Base Sizes — Rounds, Squares and Octagons, ^" to 2", inclusive; 
Flats, 9/16" to 2" thick, by %" to 2" wide. 

EXTRA SIZES 



Size, 
Inches 



^ 

A 

J€to ^ 

Ato H 2.0 

i^to % 1.0 



Rounds, Squares and Octagrons 

Extra, Size, Extra, 

Cents per Lb. Inches Cents per Lb. 

18.0 ^ to 2 0.0 

10.0 73^ to 8 3.5 

5.0 6H to 7 3.0 

3.0 5% to & 2.5 



to 



0.5 



4H to 
3H to 
2H to 



2.0 
1.5 
1.0 



Flats 



Size, 
Inches 



^ X 1^ to 8. 
tV X 3^ to 8. 
K X A to 8. 
3^ X 23/^ to 8 



Size, Extra, 

Inches Cents per Lb. 
HxA 20.0 

HxYi 15.0 

KxA 8.0 

Hx^ 4.0 

K X 1% to H 3.0 

3^x Ato 7 2.0 

3^x7Hto8 3.0 

AxM 5.0 

Ax A 4.0 

AxH 3.0 

Ax A to ^ 2.0 

Ax H to 2 •. . . 1.5 

Ax 23^ to 7 1.0 

Ax 73^ to 8 2.0 

M X Ato ^ 2.0 

Ji X 1^ to 5^ 1.5 

3^ X H to 2 1.5 

3i x23^ to 7 1.0 

3^x73^ to 8 2.0 

All dimensions of sizes are inclusive. 

Intermediate sizes take the next higher extras. 



Extra, 
Cents per Lb. 

Ax^to ^ 1.5 

Ax H to 8 1.0 

1.0 

1.0 

1.0 

1.0 

A to 2 X ^ to 2 0.0 

^ to 2 X 23/^ to 7 1.0 

^ to 1^ X 73^ to 8 1.0 

1% to 2 X 73^ to 8 1.5 

23^ to 3 X 23/^ to 5 1.0 

23^ to 3 X 53^ to 8 1.5 

33^ to 4 X 33^ to 6 1.5 

33/g to 4 X 63^ to 8 2.0 

43^ to 5 X 43^ to 7 2.0 

43^ to 5 X 73^ to 8 2.5 

53^ to 6 X 53/^ to 8 2.5 

63^ to 7 X 63^ to 7 3.0 

63^ to 8 X 73^ to 8 3.8 



LENGTHS 



CUTTING TO SPECIFIED SINGLE AND MULTIPLE 

Length, Extra, 
Inches Cents per Lb. 

6 to 12 inches 2.0 

12 to 18 inches 1.5 

18 to 24 inches 1.0 

24 inches or over 0.5 

Less than 6 inches, special price. 
Over 18 feet, special price. 

24 



